The September 27, 1821, by signing the Treaty of Cordoba, was consummated the Independence of New España, NO LA DE MÉXICO, ya que el vocablo sólo refiere a la capital del país y que designa el nombre de un país, que en el papel nunca ha existido; pero a fin de cuentas tal hecho, pone fin a la vigencia de la Constitución de Cádiz.
Es preciso recalcar que la Independencia se logra no un 16 de septiembre de 1810, sino el 27 de septiembre de 1821, sin embargo los historiadores optaron por señalar el inicio de la lucha de independencia, pero sobre todo porque el Presidente Porfirio Díaz, quiso realizar la celebración de los 100 años del inicio de la gesta histórica, lo que a la postre dio como resultado, que se celebra en fecha distinta a la que verdaderamente se logra la independencia. Además of this, as already noted, the Treaty of Cordoba fail the independence of "Mexico", and formed a country with that name, nor a republic, since it was formed was a monarchy, the country's name independent was "Mexican Empire", just the kind of government is defined later, the name "Mexico" never. I transcribe the Treaty of Cordoba, which is evidenced by statements made in previous lines:
"TREATY HELD IN THE TOWN OF CORDOVA THE 24 OF THIS, ONE OF THE LORDS OF DON JUAN O'Donoju LIEUTENANT GENERAL OF THE ARMY OF SPAIN AND DON AGUSTIN DE ITURBIDE, PRIMER JEFE DEL EJÉRCITO IMPERIAL MEXICANO DE LAS TRES GARANTÍAS.
Pronunciada por Nueva España la independencia de la antigua, teniendo un ejército que sostuviese este pronunciamiento, decididas por él las provincias del reino, sitiada la capital en donde se había depuesto a la autoridad legítima, y cuando sólo quedaban por el gobierno europeo las plazas de Veracruz y Acapulco, desguarnecidas y sin medios de resistir a un sitio bien dirigido y que durase algún tiempo, llegó al primer puerto el teniente general don Juan de O'Donojú, con el carácter y representación de capitán general y jefe superior político de este reino, nombrado por S.M., quien deseoso de evitar the ills that afflict people in disturbances of this kind, and trying to reconcile the interests of both Spains, invited to an interview the first imperial army chief Agustin de Iturbide, which discusses the big business of independence triggering without breaking the links that united the two continents. Verificóse the interview in the town of Cordoba on August 24, 1821, and the representation of his character first and the second Mexican Empire, after conferring at length about what is convenient to both nations, attended the current and past occurrences, they agreed to the following articles, which was signed in duplicate to give all that they can consolidate this type of document, maintaining an original each in their power for security and validation:
I. This America is recognized by sovereign and independent nation, and hereinafter called "Mexican Empire."
II. The imperial government will moderate constitutional monarchy.
III. Will be called to reign in the Mexican Empire (after taking an oath with an Article 4 of the plan), first Mr. Don Fernando VII, the Catholic king of Spain, and his resignation or non-admission, his brother, the Most Serene Lord Infante Don Carlos , for his resignation or non-admission, the Most Serene Lord Infante Don Francisco de Paula, for his resignation or non-admission, the Most Serene Lord Don Carlos Luis, infant of Spain, before the heir of Etruria, now Luca, and by resignation or non-admission of it, which designated the Courts of the Empire. .
IV. The emperor set his court in Mexico, which is the capital of the Empire.
V. Two commissioners shall be appointed by His Excellency O'Donojú, which will go to the Court of Spain to put in the hands of the Lord real Don Fernando VII copy of this treaty and exhibition that will accompany, to serve as a background while SM Cortes offered the crown with all the formalities and guarantees that matter so important calls, and pray to SM than in the case of Article III, deign Lords Serenis news to infants in the same article called the order appointing the interposed its benign influence to be a person of the identified of his August house that comes to this empire, so it is interested in the prosperity of both nations, and the satisfaction that Mexicans will add this link to others in friendship that can and want to join the English .
VI. Be appointed immediately, in the spirit of the Plan de Iguala, a board composed of the first men of the Empire by their virtues, their fates, their fortunes, representation and concept, those who are appointed by the general opinion, whose number is quite considerable for the meeting to ensure the success of lights in their determinations, which are emanations of the authority and powers granted them by the following articles.
VII. The board of the preceding article, will be named interim Board governance.
VIII. Individual will be provisional government Board Lieutenant General Don Juan de O'Donojú, in consideration of the desirability of a person of his class has an active and immediate in government, and that is essential to omit some of which were mentioned in the said plan pursuant to its same spirit.
IX. The Board will have a provisional government appointed by President herself, and whose election will fall into one of the individuals within or outside thereof, which has an absolute majority of votes, so if the first ballot is verified, the second ballot shall enter therein the two that have received the most votes.
X. The first step of the provisional Board of the government shall make a public show of installation and motifs that together with the other explanations it deems necessary to enlighten the people about their interests and how to proceed in the election of deputies to the Cortes, that will be discussed later.
XI. The Board appointed provisional government, then the election of its president, a regency composed of three persons from within or outside it, in whom resides the executive power and to govern on behalf of the monarch, until he grasps the scepter Empire.
XII. Interim Board installed interim rule under the laws in force in all that does not oppose the Plan of Iguala, and while the Court is the state constitution.
XIII. The regent appointed immediately after, proceed to the convening of courts according to the method determined by the Board interim government, which is in the spirit of Article 24 of that plan.
XIV. Power resides in the regency executive, the legislature in the courts, but as some time to elapse before they meet, so that both are not vested in one authority, the Board shall exercise the legislative power, first, for cases that may occur and not lead to wait for the meeting of the Cortes, and then proceed according to the regency, and second, to serve the regency of auxiliary and advisory body in its determinations.
XV. Any person belonging to a society, altered the system of government, or from the country into the hands of another prince, is in the state of natural freedom to move with her fortune for you wherever, with no right to deprive him of that freedom, to Unless you have incurred a debt to society for the crime to which he belonged, or other modes that advertisers know: here are the Europeans resident in New Spain and the Americans in the peninsula, therefore, be referees remain adopting this or that country, or ask your passport, not to be denied to leave the Empire at the time prefixed, carrying or bringing their families and property, but satisfying for the last output, export duties set or as may be prescribed for anyone who can do it.
XVI. Will not occur before alternative to public employees or military well are disaffected Mexican independence, but these necessarily come out of the Empire within the period prescribed by the regency, taking their interests and paying the rights spoken of in the previous article.
XVII. Being an obstacle to the accomplishment of this treaty the occupation of the capital by troops from the peninsula, it is essential to overcome it, but as the first chief of the imperial army, joining their feelings to the Mexican nation, want not done with the force, to what resources, however the value and constancy of these troops Peninsula, for lack of resources and means to stand against the system adopted by the entire nation, Don Juan de O'Donojú offered to use his authority to verify that those troops leaving bloodless and honorable capitulation.
VILLA DE CORDOBA, 24 AUGUST 1821 .- .- Iturbide Juan de O'Donojú. "
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